Other Sites to Visit

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
2. http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution
3. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/2/81.02.06.x.html
4. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.asp
5. http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Industrial_Revolution.html
6. https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/acceleration/bhp-modern-world-created/a/the-industrial-revolution

Industrial Revolution: Key Terms [Relevant to Posts]

- Industrial Revolution: The transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to 1840

- Industrialism : A social or economic system build on manufacturing industries

- Capitalism: an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for private, rather than the state

- Marxism: worldview and method of social analysis based on attention to class-relations and societal conflict, on a materialist interpretation of historical development, and on  a dialectical view of social transformation

- Classical Liberalism: political philosophy and ideology belonging to liberalism in which primary emphasis is placed on securing the freedom of the individual by limiting the power of the government

- Imperialism: a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

- Monopoly: the exclusive possession or control of the supply of trade in a commodity or service

- Factory System: method of manufacturing, first adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s and later spread abroad

- Industrialization: the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one

- Urbanization: The increasing number of people that live in urban areas. It predominantly results in the physical growth of urban areas.

- Limited Liability (Corporations): Legal protection for investors from personal responsibility for a firm's finances

- Stock Market: A site for buying and selling financial interests, or stock, in businesses; examples include the London or Hong Kong stock exchanges

- Transnational Business(es): Incorporated or unincorporated enterprises comprising parent enterprises and their foreign affiliates. A parent enterprise is defined as an enterprise that controls assets of other entities in countries other than its home country, usually by owning a certain equity capital stake

Sources:
"Google Dictionary." Google. Google, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.

Smith, Bonnie G., Marc Van De Mieroop, Richard Von Glahn, and Kris
Lane. Crossroads and Cultures: A History of The World's Peoples. First
ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. Print.   

Timeline of Events

1708- Jethro Tull creates mechanical seed planter that plants seed in rows
1709- Abraham Darby uses coke to smelt iron, used as new power source
1712- Thomas Newcomen invents the steam engine
1733- John Kay creates flying shuttle
1765- James Hargreaves invents spinning jenny which revolutionizes textile industry

1779- Crompton uses steam engine in to power textile mills
1792- William Murdock uses coal to power lights in houses
1793- Eli Whitney invents cotton gin
1801- Robert Trevithick uses a steam-powered train

1811- Workers destroy machinery in an attempt to not lose their jobs in Luddite Riots
1830- First commercial train service in Liverpool and Manchester


Source:
Landow, George P. "The Industrial Revolution: A Timeline." The Industrial Revolution: A Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.

How and why did some governments reform their practices because of the Industrial Revolution?

As industrial global capitalism changed the economy of the world, it also changed forms of governing.  With rising demand for raw materials, some nations became imperialists.  They needed new materials, and new participants to buy their exports.  By establishing a presence in foreign lands, governments were able to stimulate economic growth.  These practices led to warfare, as some natives resisted and other nations fought for customers.  Another tactic that was used was raising the wages of factory workers.  This opened up more opportunities for these workers to be able to buy products domestically.  However, not all nations raised wages.  The English government sided with wealthy business owners, and did not raise the minimum wage.  This contrast of governing styles show how different nations formed new policies. Most rulers ruled through centralized government with the help of these centralized business.

This map shows the land imperial powers took over.
Sources:

"Responses to the Industrial Revolution." Webs.bcp.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.
Wang, Qiudong. "The Trend of Global Capitalism." Arizona, n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.

Key People and Events

People

1. Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin which increased the harvest rate of cotton seeds as well as interchangeable parts

2. Francis C. Lowell

improved the efficiency of cloth production by combining both the spinning and weaving process into one factory

3. Elias Howe

created the sewing machine

4. Cyrus McCormick

created the mechanical reaper which allowed grain to be harvested more quickly

5. John Deere

created the steel plow which improved farming techniques

6. Samuel F. B. Morse

created the telegraph

7. James Watts

created the steam engine

8. Robert Fulton

invented the steam boat

9. Richard Arkwright

created the Arkwright factory system 

Events

1. 1712 - Thomas Newcomen invented the first steam engine. This steam engine model is not very useful at the time, but the steam engine would become very important later in the Industrial Revolution. 
2. 1764 - James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny. This invention made it possible to spin more than one ball of yarn at a time.
3. 1769 - James watts improved the steam engine. This steam engine would go on to fuel trains, steamboats, and factories.
4. 1794 - Eli Whitney patented  the cotton gin. this improved the efficiency of harvesting cotton allowing plantations to make more of a profit.
5. 1844 - Samuel Morse invented the telegram. This improved communications for the common person as well as war generals during war.
6. 1846 - Elias Howe invented the sewing machine. This allowed for clothes to be made both in the home and in factories.
7. 1853 - Elisha Otis created the elevator safety break. The elevator safety break improved the safety of elevators in places as large as the Eiffel Tower. 
8. 1855 - The Bessemer Method for processing steel was invented. this process helped make steel out of iron in less time and for less money.
9. 1866 - Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. Dynamite was critical for making paths for roads and railways. 
10. 1870 - Louis Pasteur - develops a vaccine to cure common illnesses. His vaccine increased the life expectancy in many places and saved many lives.
11. 1876 - Alexander Gram Bell patented the telephone. This improved communications and made it more available for people who couldn't afford the telegraph.
12. 1879 - Thomas Edison created the light bulb. This revolutionized work allowing people to work at night as it was usually done exclusively during the day time.
13. 1883 - The Brooklyn Bridge opens - At the time, it was the largest suspension bridge in the world, and it was finally finished after 13 years of instruction. 
14. 1903 - Orville Wright makes the first powered airplane flight - Unlike the first flight Orville took with his brother, Wilbur, this flight was powered by an engine not just wind.
15. 1908 - Henry Ford created the Model T - The Model T was revolutionary because so many of them were able to be produced because of assembly line technology. 

Sources:

"Industrial Revolution Timeline." Industrial Revolution Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.

Kelly, Martin. "Industrial Revolution People, Inventions, and Events." About.com American History. N.p.,   n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.

How Did Workers Respond to the Industrial Revolution and How Did Their Vision of Society Compare to Industrialists?

Workers were generally not happy/satisfied with the conditions they were forced to work and live in during the Industrial Revolution. These workers responded in two primary ways: by organization and by protest. The working people often organized themselves in groups to improve working conditions, limit working hours, and gain higher wages. Others protested capitalism, opposed the exploitation of workers, and advocated alternative forms of society such as Marxism. The workers mostly disagreed with industrialists about views on society. As stated before, the common working people promoted a vision of society that included Marxism, Utopian socialism, or even anarchism. Industrialists preferred the current state of society, capitalism, because it spawned economic success in the global economy. 

Sources:

Smith, Bonnie G., Marc Van De Mieroop, Richard Von Glahn, and Kris

Lane. Crossroads and Cultures: A History of The World's Peoples. First

ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. Print.

Strickland, Bill. AP World History: Key Concepts and Focus Questions. N.p.: n.p., n.d. PDF.

What Financial Institutions Facilitated Industrial Production?

During the Industrial Revolution, various financial institutions emerged and aided in the facilitation of industrial production. These institutions, which expanded rapidly during the time period, include stock markets, insurance companies, limited liability corporations, banks, and large scale transnational businesses. In addition to the physical institutions, the continual development of capitalism and classical liberalism inspired and expanded industrial production.


Sources:
Smith, Bonnie G., Marc Van De Mieroop, Richard Von Glahn, and Kris
Lane. Crossroads and Cultures: A History of The World's Peoples. First
ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. Print.

Strickland, Bill. AP World History: Key Concepts and Focus Questions. N.p.: n.p., n.d. PDF.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect social and demographic characteristics?

           Many changes came about because of the Industrial Revolution both social and demographic. In industrialized nations, cities became social centers for citizens to meet together to discuss issues with society. The mortality rates increased during this time period because of the unsanitary and dangerous conditions of factories. Food shortages caused famine which also increased the mortality rates and pushed leaders to develop sanitary institutions. Although this was the case, mortality rates did increase by the end of the Industrial Revolution. This also affected social classes. The middle class grew substantially as workers joined it. Business owners joined the upper class due to their increased wealth.



Source:

"Quizlet." AP World History Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (c. 1750 to C. 1900) Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.

How did the governments respond to the tremendous economic changes of the Industrial Revolution?

Most governments were eager to claim a portion of the new wealth brought with the Industrial Revolution.  However, some nations such as Qing China, restricted outside influences.  They attempted to maintain their own economic traditions, rather than advancing further with new technologies.  While this aided the local economy within China, it limited how much the Chinese could export.  In contrast, other countries aided new industries and technologies.  This included improving transportation in order to help businesses.  This was evident in the construction of the Erie Canal in the Northeast United States of America.  Additionally, some countries went even further to help the economy by starting new industries in their respective countries.   Muhammed Ali's creation of a textile industry in Egypt was a prime example of this.  Overall, governments, for the most part, did everything in their power to help the economy of their country.

Qing China is represented trying to stop imperial powers from having influence in China.
Source:

"Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2014.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the scale of businesses and overall economic activity?

The Industrial Revolution led to an increase in the labor force as a whole.  Large scale factories arose, allowing for even more increases in the scale of industry.  For example, businessmen, known as the Boston Associates, employed female workers in the colonies.  These girls worked on textile mills and helped to expand America into the global textile market.  This shift to female labor also represents another way that Industrial Revolution increased the scale overall global economy.
Additionally, large businesses began to dominate the world economy.  A prime example of this was the United Fruit Company.  It allowed the Americas gain wealth and power through bananas.  The United Fruit Company had so much power that its participating exporters were known as "Banana Republics".  The company had economic and political influence in Latin America, showing how the Industrial Revolution had more than just impact on the world economy.


Sources:

" The Banana Republic: The Myth of the United Fruit Company." Myths of Latin America. N.p.,    n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014
"Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2014.

What role did monetary and precious metals play in the Industrial Revolution?

Precious metals and tangible money were important during the Industrial Revolution.  Money was vital to the world economy.  Additionally, some metals were used for new products that were manufactured.  Specifically, iron played a major role in the steel industry.  These metals were also used as the actual value of paper money.  This made them key exports of many nations, boosting their economies.  World powers such as China demanded metals in order to use as currency.  Additionally, wages were commonly paid in the form of money, as opposed to housing and protection.  This would change employment for the rest of history.


Source:
"Industrialization and Global Capitalism (1750-1900 CE)." Resources for History         Teachers. Tangient LLC, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.

What were important developments in transportation during theIndustrial Revolution?

         Transportation was greatly affected by the Industrial Revolution. The most major change was probably the advancements in railroad and train technologies. Peasants and serfs laid railroad tracks all around Europe and Asia. Steam and coal powered trains became much more efficient and reliable. These factors substantially improved the speed of land travel for both the common person and armies. Raw materials and refined products also were transported on these improved railway systems from and to other industrialized areas. The second major innovation was the improvement of the steamship. The improvements of the steamship allowed people to travel anywhere by water like the people on the RMS Titanic. Steamships were also used in naval warfare all the way up until WWI.  



Site:

"Quizlet." AP World History Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration

Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_locomotive_class_IS

What "new" markets did industrialized states look for/create for theirexports?

 Industrialized states looked for small markets that could be exploited economically. Towns and small urban areas that desired and needed finished goods readily purchased European goods. European industrialized states also colonized areas to create new markets that would be forced into a monopoly. Industrial states would exert political control over colonized areas and enforced a monopoly for the goods they produced.

Sources:

Smith, Bonnie G., Marc Van De Mieroop, Richard Von Glahn, and Kris

Lane. Crossroads and Cultures: A History of The World's Peoples. First

ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. Print.

"The English Revolution 1640." By Christopher Hill. N.p., n.d. Web. 21

Mar. 2014.

How did Industrialists Legitimize the Economic Changes of the Industrial Revolution?

            Industrialists at this time used many things to legitimize this great economic change. They used the term "Social Darwinism" to describe their situation. this means that the larger businesses and factories deserve to survive because they were more adapted to the economy in terms of money and influence unlike the small home-run businesses of the common artisan. Another term they used was "Gospel of Wealth". This is the idea that God gave the rich the duty to provide for the poor through opportunity not charity, so the poor had to work for their money and not just rely on hand-outs from the rich factory owners. Finally, industrialists argued that by developing these large businesses, they were developing the nation. They believed that large business benefited the central government more so than small business did.    

Picture representing how big business triumphed over small business:

    

Site:

"Stock Image: Big Business vs. Small Business." Dreamstime. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.

"Quizlet." AP World History Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (c. 1750 to C. 1900)              Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.

As Industrial Production Rose, What Type(s) of production declined

        As industrial products rose, homemade products and products made by artisans began to decline. Artisans were unable to keep up with the mass production of goods that  factories were able to output. Because factories were able to produce so many goods in less time and for less money, it became a better financial choice to buy factory goods. For example, textile factories could produce hundreds of cloths in a day as opposed to the common artisan that could only produce barely one. Even though the artisans produced more quality goods, the sheer production rate of factories drove them out of business. Artisans' business was severely hurt by the industrial revolution.

Site:

"Quizlet." AP World History Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (c. 1750 to C. 1900)                  Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
"Industrial Revolution." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.

How did the Industrial Revolution Influence World Trade Overall

  The Industrial Revolution happened because of the abundance of raw materials.  Through industrialization, new products and markets were created.  These products needed to be exchanged throughout the world.  Therefore, the global trade market expanded.  New products that were made of American materials were constructed in Europe, and then were traded to Asia.  This shows the globalization that occurred as a result of industrialization.
A consequence of this globalization was imperialism.  New global trade networks allowed Europeans to colonize the rest of the world.  This was evident in Africa, East Asia, and India.  Overall, industrialization led to an unprecedented increase in the global economy as a whole because of all the new resources, trade routes, and products.

Source:
"[Regents Prep Global History] Movement of People & Goods: Industrial Revolution." [Regents Prep Global History] Movement of People & Goods: Industrial Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2014

Where did factories start and where/how did the factory system spread?

The factory system began in Great Britain and was patented in 1719 by a man named John Lombe. The first physical factory was established by a river where the water was used to power textile manufacturing machines (not fully automated). Later, the system was greatly improved by Richard Arkwright. 

Soon, the factory system rapidly spread throughout Europe, Russia, Japan, and the United States. This system spread because of new forms of transportation that allowed more people to travel far distances, rather than just merchants. For example, scientists from Europe would be able to travel to Japan and open up the world of modern European science to Japan. The spread of the factory system can also be attributed to its acceptance by many nations and its importance to economies around the world. This system was widely accepted because there was a general desire to efficiently and effectively produce products that could be traded or sold. 

Derby Silk Mill: 

Industrial Revolution in Great Britain:

Sources: 

Smith, Bonnie G., Marc Van De Mieroop, Richard Von Glahn, and Kris Lane. Crossroads and Cultures: A History of The World's Peoples. First ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. Print.

"The Industrial Revolution Begins in England (1760-1850)." Modern World History. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.

[Link to resources used by the website: 

http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolution/WorksCited.html]

Picture: 

"Derby Silk Mill." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Mar. 2014. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.

What Raw Materials were Commonly Exported to Industrialized Areas?

         Some materials that were commonly exported to industrialized areas were coal, iron, cotton, food such as wheat and livestock, labor, and wood. Coal and wood were used for fuel. iron was used to make the machinery and the be refined. Cotton was also refined into clothing and other textiles. Food was used to feed the workers. Steel and wood were also used to make the factories themselves.

Source: 

"Quizlet." AP World History Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (c. 1750 to C. 1900) Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.